The Role of Vitamin D In Preventing Osteoarthritis: A Protective Approach

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by musculoskeletal pain, joint stiffness, and reduced mobility, leading to significant disability. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in musculoskeletal health, and its deficiency has been linked to the progression of OA. This cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength, pain reduction, and physical activity in OA patients. The study enrolled 100 OA patients, of whom 82 completed the trial. Participants received 60,000 IU of vitamin D weekly, along with daily morning sunlight exposure. Pain severity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Results showed a significant improvement in vitamin D levels among 67 participants, with corresponding reductions in pain scores and enhanced physical activity. Serum calcium levels increased, while body weight decreased in many participants, suggesting lifestyle modifications contributed to the outcomes. However, the study had limitations, including a small sample size and short duration. Despite these constraints, the findings support the role of vitamin D in improving OA-related symptoms, warranting further research with larger cohorts and extended follow-up.