Short Dental Implants: A Comprehensive Review of Determinants for Clinical Success — Surgical, Biomechanical, and Prosthetic Perspectives
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Abstract
Short dental implants have emerged as a valuable option for patients with insufficient bone volume, providing an effective solution that reduces the need for invasive grafting procedures. This review examines the key factors influencing their clinical success, covering surgical, biomechanical, and prosthetic considerations. From a surgical standpoint, precise placement techniques and careful site preparation play a crucial role in ensuring proper osseointegration and long-term stability. Biomechanically, the way short implants distribute and transfer stress differs from standard-length implants, requiring thoughtful planning to avoid excessive load concentration—particularly in high-stress areas like the posterior jaw. On the prosthetic side, restoration design and material selection must account for these biomechanical demands while still meeting aesthetic expectations. By synthesizing current evidence, this review demonstrates that when used appropriately, short implants can achieve success rates comparable to conventional implants, expanding treatment possibilities for patients with bone limitations. Recent advancements in implant surfaces and surgical guidance systems have further enhanced their reliability, but consistent adherence to best practices remains essential. Ultimately, understanding the unique requirements of short implants—from initial placement to final restoration—helps clinicians optimize outcomes and provide patients with a predictable, minimally invasive alternative.
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References
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