A comparative study of placental grading by ultrasonography in normal and hypertensive pregnant female in Central India
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Abstract
Background: The placenta is crucial for pregnancy. As the largest fetal organ, it has indispensable functions in the development and protection of the fetus. The role of ultrasonography in obstetric practice is immense. Placental calcification is a physiologic phenomenon associated with increasing gestational age.
Objective: The comparison of placental grading by ultrasonography in normal and hypertensive pregnant female in Central India.
Methods: The present prospective case-control study involving 200 pregnant women (100 normotensive, 100 hypertensive) of third trimester gestation. Placental grading was assessed using ultrasonography.
Results: Overall, the majority of patients in both groups had a placental grading of II. There was non-significant difference in placental grading between the two groups (p-value = 0.207). A significant association was observed between placental grading and gestational age (p<0.001), with all patients with grade I placental maturity having a gestational age of ≤35 weeks, while the majority of patients with grade II and III placental maturity had a gestational age of >35 weeks. A significant association between placental grading and perinatal mortality (p=0.026), with higher mortality rates observed in cases with grade III placental maturity (44.2%) compared to grade I (0%) and grade II (23.1%). There was a trend towards a higher proportion of positive results in cases with grade III placental maturity (39.5%) compared to grade I (20.0%) and grade II (23.1%).
Conclusion: The study concluded that a significant association was observed between placental grading and gestational age, as well as perinatal mortality, with higher mortality rates in cases with grade III placental maturity. The study suggests that placental grading may be useful in predicting fetal outcomes, particularly in hypertensive pregnancies, and highlights the importance of monitoring placental maturity in high-risk pregnancies.
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References
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