Impact of Aerobic vs. Resistance Exercise on Blood Biomarkers and Body Composition in Obese Adults
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Abstract
Obesity is a major health concern that contributes to various metabolic disorders, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Aerobic and resistance training exercise intervention has been found to enhance body fat and metabolic health. This study was an RCT involving 120 overweight men and women (BMI ≥ 30) who were randomly allocated to an aerobic exercise group, a resistance exercise group, or a control group. The exercise groups performed 12 weeks of supervised training with aerobic exercise aimed at cardiovascular endurance and resistance training aimed at muscular strength and body composition. Biochemical assays and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) were used to determine fasting glucose, cholesterol levels, C-reactive protein (CRP), fat mass, lean mass, and BMI before and after the intervention. Lipid profile changes were also observed where both exercise groups had a significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05). The levels of CRP, which is an inflammation marker, were reduced in both exercise groups. The results from body composition analysis showed that both the groups had a decrease in fat mass and an increase in lean mass the aerobic group had a slightly more pronounced decrease in fat mass (p = 0.001). The control group did not record any changes. Based on the evidence obtained from aerobic and resistance exercises, it was found that these exercises have an added benefit and should be part of obesity treatment procedures.
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